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substellar companion
Substellar companion is a generic term for an astronomical body orbiting a star.
It can describe a celestial bodies too small to be a star, but too big to be called a planet.〔(STScI-1995-48 )〕 Alternatively, it is a substellar object such as exoplanet or brown dwarf that is orbiting a star.〔(Mugrauer, M., et al - Direct detection of a substellar companion to the young nearby star PZ Telescopii (2010) )〕 Objects as low as 8-23 Jupiter masses have been called a substellar companion.〔(S. Geier, et al - Discovery of a Close Substellar Companion to the Hot Subdwarf Star HD 149382 (2009) )〕
Objects orbiting a star are often called a planet below 13 Jupiter masses and brown dwarf above that.〔(Nomenclature: Brown Dwarfs, Gas Giant Planets, and ? ), Brown Dwarfs, Proceedings of IAU Symposium #211, held 20–24 May 2002 at University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Boss, A. P., Basri, G., Kumar, S. S., Liebert, J., Martín, E. L., Reipurth, B〕 Companions at that planet-brown dwarf borderline have been called Super-Jupiters, such around the star Kappa Andromedae.〔(Astronomers Directly Image Massive Star's 'Super-Jupiter'11.19.12 )〕 Nevertheless, objects as small as 8 Jupiter masses have been called a brown dwarf.〔(Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk, Luhman, et al., 2005 )〕
A substellar companion is thought to exist in the binary star system SDSS 1212.〔(Detection of Substellar Companion in Interacting Binary )〕 Substellar companions have been confirmed by analyzing astrometric data from Hipparcos.〔(Sabine Reffert, Andreas Quirrenbach - Mass constraints on substellar companion candidates from the re-reduced Hipparcos intermediate astrometric data: Nine confirmed planets and two confirmed brown dwarfs (2011) )〕
==See also==
*Red dwarf
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